Karl's Calculus Tutor - Solution to Exercise 7.2-5

Solution to Exercise 7.2-5


© 1998 by Karl Hahn
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Step 1: The problem was to find the limit for


    lim
   h → 0
   1 - cos(h)
             
       h2

And the hint was to use the difference of squares to simplify it. That suggests that you multiply top and bottom by  1 + cos(h).  Go ahead and do that, then click here.










Step 2: You should have gotten


    lim
   h → 0
      1 - cos2(h)
                    
    h2 (1 + cos(h) )

You should be able to see a trig identity that you can immediately apply to the numerator of this thing. Go ahead and apply it, and then click here.










Step 3: The trig identity that you should have applied is  1 - cos2(h) = sin2(h).  When you make that substitution in the numerator, you get


    lim
   h → 0
         sin2(h)
                     
     h2 (1 + cos(h) )

Ok, you already know about the limit of  sin(h)/h.  You should be able to use that to infer what the limit of  sin2(h)/h2  is. And in the limit, that leads to a cancellation. Go ahead and drop the terms that that eliminates. Then click here.










Step 4: The limit of  sin2(h)/h2  is one as h goes to zero. So the  sin2(h)  term in the numerator cancels with the  h2  term in the denominator. That leaves you with


    lim
   h → 0
         1
               
     1 + cos(h)

You know what  cos(h)  approaches as h approaches zero. So use that and take the limit. When you are done, click here.










As h gets closer and closer to zero,  cos(h)  gets closer and closer to one. So this limit looks more and more like


    lim
   h → 0
       1       1
            =   
     1 + 1     2

So the answer is 1/2.


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